Active Voice and Passive Voice in Hindi

Active Voice and Passive Voice in Hindi: जब हम English Grammar में “voice” का अध्ययन करते हैं, तो हमारा मुख्य उद्देश्य यह समझना होता है कि किसी वाक्य में क्रिया (action) कौन कर रहा है और उसका प्रभाव किस पर पड़ रहा है। सरल शब्दों में कहें तो, यह जानना कि “कार्य किसने किया?” और “उसका असर किस पर हुआ?”।

यदि वाक्य में कर्ता (subject) द्वारा क्रिया की जाती है और उसका प्रभाव कर्म (object) पर पड़ता है, तो उसे Active Voice कहते हैं। Active voice में वाक्य सीधा, स्पष्ट और जीवंत होता है—जैसे “राम ने सेब खाया”, जहाँ राम क्रिया करने वाला है और सेब पर उसका प्रभाव दिखाई देता है।

वहीं, Passive Voice में वाक्य का ध्यान उस पर पड़ता है जिस पर क्रिया का प्रभाव हो रहा होता है। इसमें अक्सर वाक्य का मुख्य भाग वह वस्तु बन जाती है, जिस पर क्रिया की जा रही होती है, और कर्ता का उल्लेख अंत में या अनावश्यक रूप से किया जाता है। उदाहरण के लिए, “सेब राम द्वारा खाया गया” में सेब ही मुख्य रूप से प्रस्तुत होता है, जबकि राम का उल्लेख केवल अतिरिक्त जानकारी के रूप में किया गया है।

What is Active Voice and Passive Voice in Hindi

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Active voice and Passive Voice in Hindi

English Grammar में “voice” का अध्ययन करते हैं, तो हम दो मुख्य बातों को समझने की कोशिश करते हैं:

  1. कर्त्ता कौन है? यानी कि वाक्य में कौन क्रिया (action) को अंजाम दे रहा है।
  2. क्रिया का प्रभाव किस पर पड़ रहा है? यानी कि किसके ऊपर उस क्रिया का असर हो रहा है।

Active Voice (कर्तृ Voice)

  • साधारण अर्थ: Active voice में, वाक्य का कर्त्ता (subject) सीधे क्रिया करता है और उसका प्रभाव object पर पड़ता है।
  • वाक्य संरचना: Subject + Verb + Object

उदाहरण:

  • “राम ने सेब खाया।”
    यहाँ “राम” क्रिया का कर्त्ता है और “सेब” पर उसका असर हुआ है।

विशेषताएं:

  • वाक्य स्पष्ट और सीधा होता है।
  • पढ़ने वालों को आसानी से पता चलता है कि कौन क्या कर रहा है।

Passive Voice (कर्म Voice)

  • साधारण अर्थ: Passive voice में, मुख्य फोकस उस चीज़ पर होता है जिस पर क्रिया का प्रभाव पड़ता है, बजाय इस बात के कि कर्त्ता कौन है।
  • वाक्य संरचना: Object (जो अब वाक्य का नया subject बन जाता है) + Auxiliary Verb (जैसे is, are, was, were) + Past Participle (+ by + Original Subject, यदि ज़रूरी हो)
  • उदाहरण:
    • “सेब राम द्वारा खाया गया।”
      यहाँ “सेब” वह चीज़ है जिस पर क्रिया का प्रभाव पड़ता है, जबकि “राम” को अंत में जोड़कर कम महत्व दिया गया है।

विशेषताएं:

  • Passive voice का उपयोग तब किया जाता है जब कर्त्ता की पहचान महत्वपूर्ण न हो या उसे छुपाना हो।
  • यह वाक्यांशों को अधिक औपचारिक और अप्रत्यक्ष बना सकता है।

Active Voice और Passive Voice

Points Active VoicePassive Voice
कर्त्ता (Subject)क्रिया करने वाला व्यक्ति या वस्तुक्रिया का प्रभाव ग्रहण करने वाला वस्तु
क्रिया का प्रभावObject पर पड़ता हैSubject पर पड़ता है
उदाहरणमोहन आम खा रहा है।आम मोहन द्वारा खाया जा रहा है।

नोट: यदि वाक्य Active Voice में सहजता से कहा जा सकता है, तो उसे Active Voice में ही प्रयोग करना बेहतर माना जाता है।

Active Voice को Passive Voice में बदलने के नियम

Active Voice को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए निम्नलिखित कदम अपनाएं:

  1. Subject, Verb और Object की पहचान करें:
    • Active Voice वाक्य में कार्यकर्ता (subject) क्रिया करता है और परिणाम (object) पर असर डालता है।
    • उदाहरण:
      • वाक्य: The cat chased the mouse.
      • Subject: The cat
      • Verb: chased
      • Object: the mouse
  2. स्थान परिवर्तन (Switching):
    • Active Voice का Object Passive Voice में Subject बन जाता है।
    • Active Voice का Subject, Passive Voice में “by” के बाद आता है।
    • उदाहरण:
      • Active: The cat chased the mouse.
      • Passive: The mouse was chased by the cat.
  3. क्रिया का रूप (Verb Form):
    • Passive Voice में क्रिया हमेशा तीसरे रूप (V3) में प्रयोग की जाती है।
    • उदाहरण:
      • teach का तीसरा रूप taught होता है।
      • Active: I teach Mohan.
      • Passive: Mohan is taught by me.
  4. Preposition “by” का उपयोग:
    • Passive Voice वाक्य में यह दर्शाने के लिए “by” का उपयोग किया जाता है कि क्रिया किसके द्वारा की गई है।
    • उदाहरण:
      • The mouse was chased by the cat.
  5. जब Object छुपा हो:
    • कुछ वाक्यों में Object स्पष्ट नहीं होता या छुपा रहता है। ऐसे मामलों में वाक्य की प्रकृति स्वतः Passive ही होती है।
    • उदाहरण:
      • छात्र पढ़ाए जाते हैं। (यहां कोई स्पष्ट कर्ता नहीं है, इसलिए वाक्य Passive ही रहता है।)

Pronoun के रूप

Active Voice और Passive Voice में Pronouns का रूप भी बदलता है। नीचे तालिका में कुछ आम Pronouns के रूपांतरण दिए गए हैं:

Subject PronounObject Pronoun (Passive में)
IMe
WeUs
YouYou
HeHim
SheHer
ItIt
TheyThem

Tenses में Passive Voice के नियम

1. Simple Present Tense (साधारण वर्तमान काल)

अपूर्ण वर्तमान काल के Passive वाक्यों में वाक्य का अंत सामान्यतः “ता/ती/ते” के साथ “है/हूँ/हो” से होता है, जैसे कि Simple Present Tense में होता है।

  • सकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + is/am/are + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: English is taught. (अंग्रेजी पढ़ाई जाती है।)
  • नकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + is/am/are + not + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: Money is not misused. (पैसे का दुरुपयोग नहीं किया जाता।)
  • प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य:
    • Structure: Q.W + is/am/are + S + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: Is love shared? (क्या प्यार बांटा जाता है?)

2. Present Continuous Tense (वर्तमान निरंतर काल)

Present Continuous Tense के Passive Voice वाक्यों में, क्रिया से पहले “being” जोड़ा जाता है और अंत में “रहा/रही/है/रहे हैं” का प्रयोग होता है, जिससे क्रिया की निरंतरता प्रकट होती है।

  • सकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: The market is being closed. (बाजार बंद किया जा रहा है।)
  • नकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + is/am/are + not + being + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: Farming is not being done. (खेती नहीं की जा रही है।)
  • प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य:
    • Structure: Q.W + is/am/are + S + being + V3 + by + O?
    • उदाहरण: Why am I being vexed? (मुझे तंग क्यों किया जा रहा है?)

3. Present Perfect Tense (पूर्ण वर्तमान काल)

Present Perfect Passive में, singular (he/she/it/नाम) के साथ ‘has’ और बाकी के लिए ‘have’ प्रयोग होता है। पहचान के लिए: गया/गई/गए या चूका/चुकी/चुके।

  • सकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: I have been cheated. (मुझे ठगा गया है।)
  • नकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + have/has + not + been + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: You have not been taught. (तुम्हे नहीं सिखाया गया है।)
  • प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य:
    • Structure: Q.W + have/has + S + been + V3 + by + O?
    • उदाहरण: What have you been taught? (तुम्हे क्या सिखाया गया है?)

4. Simple Past Tense (साधारण भूतकाल)

Passive Voice के Simple Past Tense में, वाक्य के अंत में “गया/गयी/गये” के बाद समय के हिसाब से “है” या “था/थी/थे” लगाना चाहिए। यदि घटना हाल की हो तो “है” और यदि कुछ समय पहले हुई हो तो “था/थी/थे” का प्रयोग करें। उदाहरण के लिए, “एक फोन ख़रीदा गया” को हाल के संदर्भ में “ख़रीदा गया है” और पुरानी घटना के संदर्भ में “ख़रीदा गया था/थी/थे” लिखा जाएगा।

  • सकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + was/were + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: An animal was sold. (एक जानवर बेचा गया था।)
  • नकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + was/were + not + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: He was not punished. (उसे सजा नहीं दी गयी थी।)
  • प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य:
    • Structure: Q.W + was/were + S + V3 + by + O?
    • उदाहरण: Why was I asked to do this work? (मुझे यह काम क्यों करने को कहा गया था?)

5. Past Continuous Tense (भूतकाल निरंतर)

  • सकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + was/were + being + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: Pocket pickers were being beaten. (पॉकेट मार पीटे जा रहे थे।)
  • नकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + was/were + not + being + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: Nothing was being hidden. (कुछ भी छुपाया नहीं जा रहा था।)
  • प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य:
    • Structure: Q.W + was/were + S + being + V3 + by + O?
    • उदाहरण: Why were sweets being distributed? (मिठाइयाँ क्यों बांटी जा रही थी?)

6. Past Perfect Tense (पूर्ण भूतकाल)

  • सकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + had + been + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: The film had been released. (फिल्म रिलीज़ किया जा चूका था।)
  • नकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + had + not + been + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: The cows had not been fed. (गायों को खिलाया नहीं जा चूका था।)
  • प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य:
    • Structure: Q.W + had + S + been + V3 + by + O?
    • उदाहरण: Had the order been given? (क्या आदेश दिया जा चूका था?)

7. Simple Future Tense (साधारण भविष्य काल)

  • सकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + shall/will + be + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: The loan will be waived. (किसानों का कर्जा माफ़ किया जायेगा।)
  • नकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + shall/will + not + be + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: The rich will not be given any exemption. (आमिरों को छूट नहीं दी जाएगी।)
  • प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य:
    • Structure: Q.W + shall/will + S + be + V3 + by + O?
    • उदाहरण: How will the gold be mortgaged? (सोना कैसे गिरवी रखा जायेगा?)

8. Future Continuous Tense (भविष्य निरंतर काल)

  • सकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + shall/will + be + being + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: Mango tree will be being planted. (आम का पेड़ लगाया जा रहा होगा।)
  • नकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + shall/will + not + be + being + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: People will not be being fooled. (लोगों को मुर्ख नहीं बनाया जा रहा होगा।)
  • प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य:
    • Structure: Q.W + shall/will + S + be + being + V3 + by + O?
    • उदाहरण: Will the match be being played? (क्या मैच खेला जा रहा होगा?)

9. Future Perfect Tense (पूर्ण भविष्य काल)

  • सकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + shall/will + have + been + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: The table will not have been set. (टेबल नहीं लगाया जा चूका होगा।)
  • नकारात्मक वाक्य:
    • Structure: S + shall/will + not + have + been + V3 + by + O
    • उदाहरण: The letter will have been written. (पत्र कैसे लिखा जा चूका होगा?)
  • प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य:
    • Structure: Q.W + shall/will + S + have + been + V3 + by + O?
    • उदाहरण: Will the clothes have been ironed? (क्या कपड़े आयरन किये जा चुके होंगे?)

100 Examples of Active voice and Passive Voice

1.People speak English around the world.
English is spoken around the world by people.
2.My parents take care of these kids.
These kids are taken care of by my parents.
3.Does he call you baby?
Are you called baby by him?
4.The Shiv community hates Colby Covington.
Colby Covington is hated by the Shiv community.
5. They close the bar every day at 2 pm.
The bar is closed every day at 2 am.
6. Rahul cleans the dishes every day.
Dishes are cleaned every day by Rahul.
7. Mohan teaches wrestling at my school.
Wrestling is taught by Mohan at my school.
8. Some people don’t love me.
I am not loved by some people.
9. Who calls you every night?
Who are you called by every night?
10.They don’t hate me.
I am not hated by them.
11.He is not playing football.
Football is not being played by him.
12.Is Ram playing football?
Is football being played by Ram?
13.Is he not playing cricket?#
Is cricket not being played by him?
14. She is writing a book.
A book is being written by her.
15. Sunita is not writing a book.
A book is not being written by Sunita.
16. Is Ankit writing a book?
Is a book being written by Ankit.
17. Is she not writing a book?
Is a book not being written by her?
18. Radha is typing a document.
A document is being typed by Radha.
19. Is Shivam typing a document?
Is a document being typed by Shivam?
20. Is a cat not drinking milk?
Is milk not being drunk by a cat?
21. You are enjoying a picnic.
A picnic is being enjoyed by you.
22. A cat has not drunk milk.
Milk has not been drunk by a cat.
23. Has Radha not drunk milk?
Has milk not been drunk by Radha?
24.They have not enjoyed a picnic.
A picnic has not been enjoyed by them.
25. Have they not enjoyed a picnic?
Has a picnic not been enjoyed by them?
26. Shivam has not entered the gate.
The gate has not been entered by Shivam.
27. Has Sonu not entered the gate?
Has the gate not been entered by Sonu?
28. I have not planted flowers.
Flowers have not been planted by me.
29. Have I planted flowers?
Have flowers been planted by me?
30. Suresh has taken breakfast.
Breakfast has been taken by Suresh.
Active: A cat is not drinking milk.
31. Is a cat not drinking milk?
Is milk not being drunk by a cat?
32. Are they not enjoying a picnic?
Is a picnic not being enjoyed by them.
33. Tanya is entering the gate.
The gate is being entered by Tanya.
34. Is sunil entering the gate?
Is the gate being entered by Sunil?
35. You are not planting flowers.
Flowers are not being planted by you.
36. Is Amit taking breakfast?
Is breakfast being taken by Amit?
37.Am I not making noodles?
Are noodles not being made by me?
38. Shivam is joining an office.
An office is being joined by Shivam.
39.You are eating pasta.
Pasta is being eaten by you.
40.Anuj is earning money.
Money is being earned by Anuj.
41.He played football.
Football was played by him.
42.Did she not write a book?
Was a book not written by her?
43. She typed a document.
A document was typed by her.
44. A cat drank milk.
Milk was drunk by a cat.
45.Sunita enjoyed a picnic.
A picnic was enjoyed by Sunita.
46.Did you not play a game?
Was a game not played by you?
47.Sumit painted a picture.
A picture was painted by Sumit.
48.Did you eat Mango?
Was Mango eaten by you?
49.Gita did not earn money.
Money was not earned by Gita.
50.She sang a song.
A song was sung by her.
51.She was writing a novel.
A novel was being written by her.
52. They were saying their prayers.
Their prayers were being said by them.
53. Suresh was giving a lecture.
A lecture was being given by Suresh.
54.She was not preparing dinner.
Dinner was not being prepared by her.
55. Sunil was not making a speech.
A speech was not being made by Sunil.
56. Is she writing a letter?
Is a letter being written by her?
57. Why were you cheating me?
Why was I being cheated by you?
58.Which book were you reading?
Which book was being read by you?
59. Why was she beating the child?
Why was the child being beaten by her?
60. For what wes She making such a noise?
For what was such a noise being made by her .
61. had never experienced such difficulty.
Such difficulty had never been experienced by me.
62. I had not listened to him.
He had not been listened to by me.
63. I had finished my work.
My work had been finished by me.
64. I had written a letter.
A letter had been written by me.
65. He had given a lecture.
A lecture had been given by him.
66. Had she invited them?
Had they been invited by her?
67.Had she prepared dinner?
Had dinner been prepared by her?
68.Had he given a lecture?
Had a lecture been given by him?
69.He had cooked Food .
Food had been cooked.
70.l had Played football
Football had been played by me.
71.I had cancelled my admission to the college.
My admission to the college had been cancelled by me.
72.She had divorced him.
He was divorced by her.
73.I had dispatched the letter.
The letter had been dispatched by me.
74.His behaviour had shocked everyone. Everyone was shocked at his behaviour.
75.The man had devoured all the food in an instant.
All the food had been devoured in an instant by the man.
76.My sister had always looked after me.
I had always been looked after by my sister.
78.The principal had scolded her.
She had been scolded by the principal.
79.you had taken the bitter medicine.
The bitter medicine had been taken by you.
80.He had bought all the vegetables from the market.
All the vegetables from market had been bought by him.
81.Susmita had forgotten me.
I had been forgotten by Susmita.
82.She was teaching me.
I was being taught by you
83. He was watching them.
They were being watched by him.
84. I Will write a letter .
A letter will be written by me
85.He Will cook Food.
Food will be cooked.
86. They Will Play football.
Football will be played by them.
87. She Will make cake .
Cake will be made by her.
88.He Will learn English.
English will be learnt
89.Ram will arrange the money.
The money will be arranged by Ram.
90. I gave him a book for his Birthday
He was given a book for his Birthday.
91.The Hunter killed the Lion
The Lion was killed by Hunter.
92.He does not cook food.
Food is not cooked by him.
93.Does he purchase books?
Are books purchased by him?
94.They grow plants.
Plants are grown by them.
95.She teaches me.
I am taught by her.
96.Esha is singing a song.
A song is being sung by Esha.
97. Kirti is not chopping vegetables.
Vegetables are not being chopped by
Kirti.
98.Is Ritu buying a table?
Is a table being bought by Ritika?
99.They are serving poor people.
Poor people are being served by them.
100. Radhika has not written an article.
An article has not been written by
Radhika.

Exercises and Practice Questions

नीचे दिए गए अभ्यास में, आपको Active Voice के वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलना है। प्रत्येक अभ्यास में हिंदी और English दोनों वाक्य दिए गए हैं।

Exercise 1: Convert Active Voice to Passive Voice

  • Hindi:
    Active: राम ने पत्र लिखा।
    English: Ram wrote a letter.
  • अपना उत्तर लिखें / Write your answer:
    Hindi: ____________________________________
    English: ____________________________________

Exercise 2: Convert Active Voice to Passive Voice

  • Hindi:
    Active: सीमा गाना गाती है।
    English: Seema sings a song.
  • अपना उत्तर लिखें / Write your answer:
    Hindi: ____________________________________
    English: ____________________________________

Exercise 3: Convert Active Voice to Passive Voice

  • Hindi:
    Active: मैंने खाना खाया।
    English: I ate the food.
  • अपना उत्तर लिखें / Write your answer:
    Hindi: ____________________________________
    English: ____________________________________

Exercise 4: Convert Active Voice to Passive Voice

  • Hindi:
    Active: मोहन स्कूल जाता है।
    English: Mohan goes to school.
  • अपना उत्तर लिखें / Write your answer:
    Hindi: ____________________________________
    English: ____________________________________

Exercise 5: Future Tense – Future Tense Conversion from Active to Passive

  • Hindi:
    Active: मैं कल काम करूंगा।
    English: I will work tomorrow.
  • अपना उत्तर लिखें / Write your answer:
    Hindi: ____________________________________
    English: ____________________________________

उत्तर (Answers):

  1. Exercise 1:
    • Hindi: पत्र राम द्वारा लिखा गया।
    • English: The letter was written by Ram.
  2. Exercise 2:
    • Hindi: गाना सीमा द्वारा गाया जाता है।
    • English: The song is sung by Seema.
  3. Exercise 3:
    • Hindi: खाना मेरे द्वारा खाया गया।
    • English: The food was eaten by me.
  4. Exercise 4:
    • Hindi: स्कूल मोहन द्वारा जाया जाता है।
    • English: The school is attended by Mohan.
  5. Exercise 5:
    • Hindi: काम कल मेरे द्वारा किया जाएगा।
    • English: The work will be done by me tomorrow.

इन अभ्यास प्रश्नों के माध्यम से आप Active और Passive वाक्यों के निर्माण का अभ्यास कर सकते हैं।
Through these exercises, you can practice converting active sentences to passive sentences in both Hindi and English.

इस लेख में हमने समझा कि:

निष्कर्ष

  • Active Voice में क्रिया का प्रभाव Object पर पड़ता है, जबकि Passive Voice में Object का स्थान बदलकर Subject बन जाता है।
  • क्रिया का रूप (Verb Form) बदलते समय हमेशा तीसरे रूप (V3) का ही प्रयोग होता है।
  • Passive Voice में “by” का प्रयोग यह बताने के लिए किया जाता है कि क्रिया किसके द्वारा की गई है।
  • विभिन्न काल (Tenses) के लिए विशेष संरचनाएँ होती हैं, जिन्हें समझना अनिवार्य है।

महत्वपूर्ण:
यदि वाक्य Active Voice में आसानी से व्यक्त किया जा सकता है, तो उसे Active Voice में ही रखने का अभ्यास करना चाहिए। इससे वाक्य सरल और स्पष्ट रहते हैं।

इसके माध्यम से आप Active और Passive Voice के उपयोग को बेहतर ढंग से समझ सकेंगे और सही समय पर उचित वाक्य संरचना का चयन कर पाएंगे। यदि आपके मन में कोई और प्रश्न या संदेह हो, तो बेझिझक पूछें।

Frequently Asked Questions

Active Voice क्या है?

Active Voice में वाक्य में कर्त्ता (subject) सीधे क्रिया (verb) करता है।

Passive Voice क्या है?

Passive Voice में वाक्य में क्रिया के परिणाम (object) पर ध्यान दिया जाता है, और कर्त्ता बाद में या “द्वारा” के साथ जोड़ा जाता है।

Passive Voice का उपयोग कब करें?

जब कर्त्ता का नाम बताना जरूरी न हो या जब आप कर्म पर जोर देना चाहें, तब Passive Voice का उपयोग करें।

क्या हर Active वाक्य को Passive में बदला जा सकता है?

अधिकांश Active वाक्यों को Passive में बदला जा सकता है, लेकिन कभी-कभी वाक्य की संरचना या स्वाभाविकता में बदलाव आ सकता है।

Passive Voice सीखने के क्या लाभ हैं?

Passive Voice सीखने से वाक्यों को नए तरीके से व्यक्त करने में मदद मिलती है, जिससे लेखन और बोलचाल में विविधता और स्पष्टता आती है।

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